As the saying goes a home is built under a strong foundation.
The choice of a home foundation depends on the soil type of the construction site. Homes that are built on poor soil conditions may require a deep foundation, whereas most sites only require a shallow foundation. Climate is another factor to consider when choosing a foundation. Some types of foundations do not perform well in flooding or cold temperatures. Consult with a structural engineer if you are building a home to discuss which type of foundation is best for you.
Poured Concrete Foundations
A poured concrete foundation is the most common type of home foundation, according to BobVila.com. A concrete slab foundation is formed by pouring a few inches of concrete with thicker edges to provide support. According to ConcreteNetwork.com, "The slab normally rests on a bed of crushed gravel to improve drainage." The slab is poured all at one time and is ideal for use in areas where the ground does not freeze in the winter.
Frost-Protected Foundations
As the name suggests, a frost-protected foundation protects concrete from damage due to extreme temperatures. A T-shaped foundation is the traditional choice for cold areas. This foundation method provides extra support for a concrete slab foundation with concrete footings that extend below the frost line. A frost-protected shallow foundation (FPSF) provides protection without digging below the frost line. FPSF utilizes insulated concrete to protect a slab foundation from frost damage. According to Toolbase Services, frost-protected shallow foundations are used in over 5,000 buildings in the United States, as well as over a million homes in Sweden, Finland and Norway.
Permanent Wood Foundations
Permanent wood foundations have been used since the 1960s, and according to Toolbase, "manufacturers are now recommending treated plywood and lumber as an alternate material for crawl space, basement and stem wall foundations." The foundations are made of preservative-treated wood that is very lightweight, decay-resistant and easy to install. A permanent wood foundation does not require concrete pouring or casting, which makes the process much more convenient. Additionally, the foundations are easy to insulate and moisture-resistant. More than 300,000 houses in the United States utilize permanent wood foundations.
Raised Foundations
Raised foundations are necessary in coastal areas that receive large amounts of rain and are prone to flooding. Raised foundations require careful planning, because they must be able to both support the home and provide protection from moisture. There are two types of raised foundations: pier-and-beam and stem wall. A pier-and-beam foundation uses concrete or brick blocks that are reinforced with footings. The blocks are placed approximately 8 to 12 inches apart and raise the home above the flood line. A stem wall foundation is similar, except that the footings are continuous rather than spaced.
